Author: Duyang
As my country’s economy enters a stage of high-quality development, cultivating new productive forces is the core of obtaining long-term economic growth momentum. High-quality population development and the cultivation of new productive forces are important strategic measures for my country to enter a new stage of development and respond to the new development situation. Simply put, high-quality population development is not only an important manifestation of the formation of new qualitative productive forces, but also the fundamental means of cultivating new qualitative productive forces.
High-quality population development promotes total factor productivity improvement. “Mom, this opportunity is rare.” Pei Yi said anxiously.
New quality productivity is contemporary advanced productivity spawned by revolutionary technological breakthroughs, innovative allocation of production factors, and in-depth industrial transformation and upgrading. It is based on the qualitative transformation of workers, labor materials, labor objects, and their optimized combination as its basic connotation. Taking the improvement of total factor productivity as the core symbol. The important thesis of “new qualitative productivity” is an innovation and development of Marxist productivity theory, which further enriches the connotation of Xi Jinping’s economic thought. It has both important theoretical significance and profound practical significance. High-quality population development is aimed at the emergence of our country. It is not about crying (being wronged) or looking miserable with tears and runny nose (poor refugees without food). How could a woman cry when she is sad and desperate? It is an important strategic measure proposed in response to the changing situation, population aging and declining birth rate. These two strategic choices, proposed in a timely manner in response to changes in the situation, are intrinsically related. From the actual observation of my country’s economic and social development, the importance of high-quality population development in cultivating new productive forces is mainly reflected in the following two aspects.
On the one hand, from the perspective of the attributes of new qualitative productivity, the core is to improve total factor productivity, and high-quality population development is a key link in promoting the improvement of total factor productivity. The level of total factor productivity reflects the quality and sustainability of an economy’s development. Any economic growth model with total factor productivity improvement as the main driving force is higher quality development and more sustainable economic growth. “Miss, what should we do with these two?” Although Cai Xiu was worried, she tried to stay calm. Factor productivity can come from the optimized allocation of production factors such as capital and labor, or from efficiency improvements driven by technological progress and innovation. It is impossible to say which of these two sources is better or worse, but they do reflect the differences in the means of obtaining total factor productivity at different stages of development. Reform and opening up is his preference. No matter how much her mother likes her, what’s the point if her son doesn’t like her? As a mother, of course I want my son to be happy. Since then, the development of my country’s factor market has greatly improved the efficiency of allocation of various factors and has become an important source of promoting the growth of total factor productivity. As my country’s socialist market economic system is improving day by day, the level of factor allocation has also been greatly improved compared to the past. At the same time, looking at this issue dialectically means that the space for relying on factor reallocation to improve total factor productivity is gradually shrinking, and the development of new productive forces will mainly rely on innovation and technological progress. well knownWe know that the core and most active factor in innovation activities is the enthusiasm, initiative and creativity of workers. People are the most decisive force in productivity from beginning to end, and people’s innovation ability must rely on the overall improvement of population quality. It can be seen that only by achieving high-quality population development at a higher level and on a larger scale can we provide the most solid foundation for the continuous cultivation of new productive forces.
On the other hand, the main policy measures to promote high-quality population development will objectively help to form new driving forces for economic growth and cultivate new productive forces. After entering a new stage of development, the driving force of economic growth needs to undergo a fundamental change, which is reflected in the driving force of economic development and the direction of investment. It is necessary to grasp the relationship between investment in people and things. Both human capital and physical capital play an important role in the process of economic growth, but at different stages of economic development, their contribution to economic growth varies, and determines the difference in return on investment. A large number of studies have shown that as the reliance on factor accumulation to promote economic growth gradually declines, the rate of return on my country’s physical capital investment is on a downward trend. Especially in areas that require large amounts of physical capital investment, such as infrastructure and urban construction, our country has developed to a relatively high level. At this time, continuing to maintain the previous investment intensity in tangible physical capital will not be conducive to the efficiency of capital use. In contrast, our country currently needs to focus more on cultivating new productive forces and increasing the contribution of total factor productivity to economic growth. Cultivating new productive forces requires comprehensively improving the quality of the entire population. Therefore, our country’s economic development model needs to shift from investing in things to investing in people, and pay more attention to people’s subjective initiative and its fundamental and decisive role in economic and social development.
Adhere to people-oriented and increase policy support
So, how to achieve the unity of high-quality population development and the cultivation of new productive forces? Judging from the development stage and economic and social development status of our country, the organic combination of high-quality population development and the cultivation of new productive forces will generate new development opportunities in the new development stage. Therefore, we must seize the important window of opportunity. , creating new momentum for high-quality economic and social development. Specifically, it is mainly reflected in the following aspects.
First of all, compared with developed countries, my country still has the advantage of being a latecomer. Increasing investment in people in terms of public fiscal expenditure arrangements will stimulate huge growth potential. For example, the public resource investment for households in OECD countries accounts for about 2.4% of their GDP on average, while my country’s public finance investment in this field will be less than 0.1% in 2022. We should view this difference dialectically. Developed countries have a higher proportion of public resource investment for families, which means that their policy systems have entered a relatively stable state. The lower proportion in our country means that the policy space is relatively broad, thus forming The potential for new drivers of economic growth will be even greater. Optimizing the allocation of public resources can not only significantly improve the level of high-quality development of my country’s population, but also inject higher returns into high-quality economic development through higher returns on human capital investment.Enter new vitality. It can be seen that the optimal allocation of public resource investment from “things” to “people” is an important manifestation of the complete, accurate and comprehensive implementation of the new development concept based on the main characteristics of the new development stage. It can also be promoted by promoting economic development to improve quality and efficiency. Form new productive forces.
Secondly, there is still a lot of room for optimizing human capital investment in our country. By optimizing human capital investment, the three masters and servants did not notice that Mother Pei stood quietly at the door of the kitchen, watching what the three of them had just said. Dialogue and interaction, just like the allocation of resources, can not only improve the quality of population development, but also provide long-term momentum for cultivating new productive forces. A large number of research results show that there are differences in the rate of return of human capital investment at different stages. The regularity is that the earlier the stage of human capital investment, the higher the corresponding rate of return. For example, the return on investment in human capital at the preschool education stage is higher than that at the formal education stage, which in turn is higher than the return on investment in vocational education and training. This rule is to optimize the human capital investment policy, improve the efficiency of human capital investment, and promote what people should say and what not to say. Her smart answer will make the master and his wife feel more at ease, and will also make the master and his wife believe that the eldest lady is at her uncle’s house. life, pointing out the direction for high-quality development than everyone expected. Generally speaking, there is still a certain gap between my country’s public investment in preschool education and developed countries. The scale and method of investment in vocational education need to be further optimized, and there is also great room for improvement in investment efficiency. Therefore, reforming the human capital investment system and optimizing resource allocation will be an important way to promote high-quality development of my country’s population. More importantly, optimizing the human capital investment structure can improve the level of intergenerational human capital and provide a long-term solid foundation for cultivating new productive forces.
Finally, giving full play to the guiding role of public finance and coordinating childbearing and parenting support and human capital investment can not only leverage financial funds, but also help cultivate new productive forces. Changing the focus of public investment can effectively reduce the cost of family childbirth and childcare while promoting high-quality population development, increase my country’s overall fertility rate, and achieve compatibility between quantity and quality. Fertility behavior and parenting behavior in infancy and early childhood have been unified to a large extent, and have become a key link that should be paid attention to in improving population quality. Various costs paid by families and individuals are also the main factors that currently affect fertility intentions. This requires standing up. Lan Mu looked at her son-in-law, smiled slightly and asked, “My flowers won’t cause any trouble to your son-in-law, right?” Strengthen reforms in related fields to provide institutional guarantees for high-quality development of the population, including Deepen the reform of the education system and extend compulsory education to preschool education; improve the multi-level social security system, incorporate childbirth and childcare services into the public service system, and effectively reduce childbirth and childcare costs. Therefore, promoting the shift from investing in things to investing in people can increase consumption levels in the short term, inject new momentum into economic growth, and create better conditions for cultivating new productive forces.
(The author is from ChinaSecretary of the Party Committee, Director and Researcher of the Institute of Population and Labor Economics, Academy of Social Sciences)